Chamada europeia: 3 soluções para o clima e o emprego

Face à emergência climática, quaisquer que sejam as nossas tendências políticas, temos todos de trabalhar para o êxito do Pacto Ecológico Europeu.

À Sra. von der Leyen, Presidente da Comissão Europeia,
Aos Chefes de Estado e de Governo da União Europeia,

A nossa sociedade está a enfrentar um choque incrível. A urgência é, evidentemente, salvar vidas e proteger empregos, mas esta crise não nos deve fazer esquecer a emergência climática. Mais do que nunca, é tempo de construir um novo Pacto Europeu para o Clima e o Emprego.

As últimas semanas foram sombrias, mas todos nós tínhamos água limpa nas nossas casas, nas nossas empresas e nos nossos hospitais... O que acontecerá se as alterações climáticas se agravarem e se, dentro de 15 ou 20 anos, os lençóis freáticos de algumas grandes cidades estiver vazio durante vários meses?

O Pacto Ecológico Europeu é a melhor forma de realizar as mudanças reais de que a Europa necessita para recuperar da crise do coronavírus, para criar milhões de postos de trabalho e tornar a economia o mais resistente possível. Mas, para que isso aconteça, o Pacto Ecológico Europeu precisa de um verdadeiro financiamento.

Somos estudantes, climatologistas, economistas, sindicalistas, empresários, representantes eleitos locais, nacionais e europeus, (antigos) deputados, (antigos) ministros, cidadãos de origens muito diversas. Estamos convencidos de que a transição ecológica não é apenas uma questão de sobrevivência, mas também uma oportunidade para a Europa se reinventar e recuperar da crise da covid-19.

A emergência ambiental exige o isolamento de todos os edifícios, o reforço dos transportes públicos e das energias renováveis, a transformação do nosso modelo de agricultura, a protecção da biodiversidade, a protecção e limpeza das florestas e dos oceanos, e o desenvolvimento de políticas de adaptação e reparação. No entanto, todos estes projectos enfrentam o mesmo obstáculo: quem vai pagar?

Ao trabalhar num cenário de redução de 40% das emissões para 2030, a Comissão Europeia estimou que a execução desse objectivo exigirá investimentos anuais adicionais de 260 mil milhões de euros” (Comunicação do Pacto Ecológico Europeu, 12/2019). Já em 2016, estimava-se que o défice de investimento atingiria 529 mil milhões de euros por ano a partir de 2021 (públicos e privados), com base num cenário que implicaria uma redução de 47% de emissões para 2030. Hoje em dia, com um objectivo acrescido, a necessidade de investimento deve ser aumentada em conformidade.

Os compromissos assumidos pela Comissão Europeia para financiar o Pacto Ecológico Europeu estão longe destes montantes: o “Plano de Investimento Sustentável para a Europa” proporcionaria cerca de 100 mil milhões de euros por ano. No entanto, não é sequer certo que este montante possa ser mobilizado na totalidade. De momento, foi prometido ao Pacto Ecológico Europeu um financiamento amplamente insuficiente: entre 2 a 10 vezes menor para que este tenha êxito.

A fim de criar uma dinâmica internacional, a UE deve chegar a acordo sobre um objectivo climático reforçado para 2030, em conformidade com a ciência, a equidade e o objectivo de 1,5ºC do Acordo de Paris, muito antes da COP26. Para que os Estados-membros cheguem a acordo sobre esta matéria, será necessário identificar a forma como esta transição será financiada.

É por isso que propomos 3 soluções que acreditamos serem capazes de alcançar um amplo consenso.

1. Para reduzir drasticamente o nosso consumo de combustíveis fósseis, temos de acabar com todos os subsídios e investimentos fósseis. A lei climática europeia deve garantir que os subsídios aos combustíveis fósseis sejam proibidos em todos os Estados-membros. Deve também garantir a transparência de todos os bancos (privados e públicos) e de todas as companhias de seguros que operam no território europeu em relação a todas as suas actividades, organizando progressivamente o fim dos investimentos fósseis. Em 2010, para combater a evasão fiscal, Barack Obama aprovou a Lei FATCA, que fechou o mercado norte-americano a bancos que não eram totalmente transparentes para as autoridades fiscais norte-americanas. Do mesmo modo, para combater as alterações climáticas, a Europa precisa de uma “Lei FATCA do Clima”, que reserve o mercado europeu aos bancos e companhias de seguros que tenham reorientado os seus investimentos em função da emergência climática.

2. O Banco Central Europeu (BCE) imprimiu 2600 mil milhões de euros desde 2015. Apenas 11% dessas somas colossais foram para a economia real. O resto foi, na sua maioria, para a especulação. Para 2020, além das centenas de milhares de milhões que o BCE irá imprimir para enfrentar a crise da covid, irá também imprimir mais 240 mil milhões que devem ser investidos no clima e no emprego. Estes montantes devem alimentar um verdadeiro Banco do Clima e da Biodiversidade - que concederia empréstimos sem juros a cada Estado-membro (até 2% do seu PIB por ano durante 30 anos, como sugerido por Nicholas Stern em 2008, o que ascenderia a 300 mil milhões de euros para a UE no seu conjunto).

3. Se todas as famílias, todas as pequenas empresas e todos os territórios tiverem de investir numa profunda transformação de carbono zero, os empréstimos sem juros não serão suficientes, uma vez que os seus reembolsos são limitados ou incertos. Para ter um efeito catalisador, os empréstimos devem ser complementados por subvenções públicas. A taxa média do imposto nacional sobre os lucos das empresas na Europa diminuiu para menos de metade em quarenta anos (de 45% para 19%). A implementação de um imposto europeu adicional de 5% (ajustado de acordo com a sua pegada de carbono), combinado com outros recursos próprios, traria 100 mil milhões de euros por ano para alimentar um verdadeiro orçamento europeu para o clima e a biodiversidade. Estes 100 mil milhões de euros adicionais permitir-nos-iam ultrapassar o limiar de 50% do orçamento europeu para o clima e ajudar a transição, tanto no sector público como no privado.

Estas três soluções proporcionariam dinheiro suficiente para financiar uma transição que seria justa para os trabalhadores. Permitiriam ao Pacto Ecológico Europeu criar mais de 5 milhões de postos de trabalho na Europa e melhorar os meios de subsistência de milhões de famílias, ao mesmo tempo que impulsionariam o investimento na economia hipocarbónica. Face à emergência climática, quaisquer que sejam as nossas tendências políticas, temos todos de trabalhar para o êxito do Pacto Ecológico Europeu.

A Presidente da Comissão Europeia, Ursula von der Leyen, afirmou em Julho que se inspirou “na paixão, convicção e energia dos milhões de jovens que fizeram ouvir a sua voz nas nossas ruas e encontraram o seu caminho nos nossos corações”. Ela acrescentou: “É dever da nossa geração não os desapontar”.

A União Europeia nasceu com o carvão e o aço. Pode renascer com um Pacto Europeu para o Clima e o Emprego.

Convidamos todos os cidadãos da Europa a juntarem-se a este convite no website https://realgreendeal.eu/call/, onde também se encontram disponíveis as fontes dos vários números citados.

Adélaïde Charlier, Youth for Climate Belgium;

Anuna de Wever Van Der Heyden, Youth for Climate Belgium;

Ewa Madina, Fridays for Future Poland;

Luisa Neubauer, Fridays for Future Germany;

Jakob Blasel, Fridays for Future Germany;

Mădălina Scarlat, Fridays for Future Romania;

Mathis Fidaire, Youth for Climate France;

Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, Youth for Climate England;

Leonarda Šmigmator, Fridays for Future Croatia;

Adrian Hiss, Fridays for Future Austria;

Vít Springorum, Fridays for Future Czech Republic;

Anna Dovha, Fridays for Future Ukraine;

Elina Arpala, Fridays for Future Finland;

Jonah Krieger, Fridays for Future Ireland;

David Wicker, Fridays for Future Italy;

Lina Stratilatpvaite, Fridays for Future Lithuania;

Alexandros Nicolaou, Core team member, Tesura Cyprus;

Markéta Byrtusová, International Relations Coordinator, Czech Scouting - Junak;

Lise Lerche, The Green Student Movement, Denmark;

Maximilian Bruch, CliMates Austria;

Amanda Krijgsman, Youth4Nature;

Joris Overmeer, Vice-Chairman Government & Politics, Jonge Klimaatbeweging, Netherlands;

Baptiste Thevelein and Romain Olla, Vice-Presidents, Animafac, France;

Franziska Pezzei, Generation Earth, Austria;

Margot Duvivier, President, REFEDD (Réseau français des étudiants pour le développement durable);

Tove Lönneborg, Chairperson, Fältbiologerna (Nature and Youth Sweden);

Sam Butler-Sloss, Organiser, Economists for Future;

Hugo Viel, Secretary General, CliMates;

Côme Girschig, Vice-president, Young Ambassadors for Climate;

Nathan Metenier, External Relations Officer, Youth and Environment Europe;

Zoltán Lehoczki, Vice-President, International Young Naturefriends;

Alex Canal, Secretary General, Generation Climate Europe;

Alvaro Gonzalez Perez, Vice-president, European Students’ Forum (AEGEE);

Lucija Karnelutti, Board member, The Organising Bureau of European School Student Unions (OBESSU);

Carina Autengruber, President, European Youth Forum, Climate scientists;

Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, Climatologist, former Vice-Chair IPCC, Professor, UCLouvain;

Filippo Giorgi, Former Vice Chair IPCC, Nobelist 2007, Head of the Earth System Physics (ESP) section, ICTP;

Jean Jouzel, Climatologist, former Vice-Chair of the IPCC Working Group 1, Académie des sciences;

Stefan Rahmstorf, Climatologist, Head of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Hervé le Treut, Climatologist, former Director of Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL);

Edouard Davin, Climatologist, ETH Zurich;

Hervé Douville, Climatologist, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques;

François Gemenne, Director, the Hugo Observatory, President, Climate Voices, lead author, IPCC;

Philippe Ciais, Physicist, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE);

Heike Hübener, Meteorologist and climate modeller, Member, Scientists for Future;

Bernard Legras, Director of research, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD);

Soeren Thomsen, Ocean and climate scientist, Professor, Sorbonne University;

Bruno Turcq, Director of research, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat (LOCEAN);

Erik Buitenhuis, Senior researcher, The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and University of East Anglia;

Mathilde Cannat, Marine geosciences scientist, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP);

Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Senior scientist, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS);

Pascal Mailier, Senior scientist, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium;

Marc Jacobson, Professor of civil and environmental engineering, Stanford University;

Christophe Cassou, Research Director, CNRS, Lead Author, IPCC;

Ernst von Weizsäcker, Founding president, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy;

Valérie Daux, Professor of Earth Sciences, Versailles University, Researcher, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE);

Pierre Friedlingstein, Chair, Mathematical Modelling of Climate Systems, University of Exeter, Co-chair of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Carbon Feedbacks in the Climate System, Foundations and think tanks;

Laurence Tubiana, CEO, European Climate Foundation;

Lord Adair Turner, Chairman, Energy Transitions Commission, first Chairman, Committee on Climate Change;

Céline Charveriat, Executive Director, Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP);

David Rinaldi, Director of Studies & Policy, Foundation for European Progressive Studies(FEPS);

Philippe Pochet, Executive Director, European Trade Union Institute (ETUI); 

Gustav Horn, Scientific Director;

Hans Böckler Stiftung, Geneviève Pons, Director Gheyeneral, Notre Europe – Institut Jacques Delors;

Susan George, President, Transnational Institute;

Wojciech Szymalski, CEO, Institute for Sustainable Development Foundation, Warsaw; 

Sandrine Dixson-Declève, Co-chair, The Club of Rome;

Roland Moreau, President, The Club of Rome - EU Chapter; Lola Vallejo, Climate Programme Director, IDDRI;

Mathilde Dupré, Co-Manager, Veblen Institute, France; 

Fernando Rocha, Director of Studies, Fundación 1° de Mayo;

Bernard Mazijn, Managing Director, Instituut vóór Duurzame Ontwikkeling; 

Bertrand Piccard, Initiator and Chairman, Solar Impulse Foundation;

Ulrike Guérot, Founder, European Democracy Lab;

Olivier Sidler, Co-founder, négaWatt; 

Lucie Solem, President, EuroCité, International CSOs;

Wendel Trio, Director, Climate Action Network Europe;

Jorge Riss, Director, Greenpeace European Unit;

Ester Asin, Director, WWF EU;

Bill McKibben, Founder and senior advisor, 350.org;

Patrick ten Brink, Director of EU policy, European Environmental Bureau;

Andrea Lichtenecker, Executive Director, Naturefriends International;

Anna Lisa Boni, Secretary General, Eurocities;

Wolfgang Teubner, Regional Director Europe, ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability;

Laura Sullivan, Executive Director, WeMove Europe; 

Jérémie Fosse, President, EcoUnion;

Stanislas Jourdan, Executive Director, Positive Money;

Sabine Frank, Executive Director, Carbon Market Watch;

Joan Marc Simon, Executive Director, Zero Waste Europe;

Francisca Sauquillo, President, Solidar;

Thomas Brose, Executive Director, Climate Alliance;

Frédéric Boyer, Project Manager, Energy Cities, Convenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy;

Yann Arthus-Bertrand, Chair, GoodPlanet Foundation, France;

Alberto Alemanno, Director, The Good Lobby, EU Law Professor;

Rupa Mukerij and Bernd Steimann, Helvetas;

Guillaume Prache, Director, Better Finance (European Federation of Investors and Financial Services Users);

Eamon O’Hara, Executive Director, ECOLISE - community-led initiatives in climate and sustainability:

Lorenzo Marsili, Director, European Alternatives;

Sergi Corbalán, Executive Director, Fair Trade Advocacy Office;

Gunnar Boye Olesen, Coordinator, Réseau international d’accès aux énergies durables – Europe;

Magdalena Heuwieser, Coordinator, Stay Grounded Network;

Lutz Ribbe, Director, EuroNatur Foundation, Member of the EESC;

Michel Genet, Former Chair, Greenpeace Europe;

Luke Cooper, Co-founder, Another Europe is Possible;

Thibault Larose, Executive Director, Convergences; 

David Sanchez, Director, Food & Water Action Europe;

Anna Leidreiter, Director Climate & Energy, World FutureCouncil;

Steven Vanholme, Program manager, EKOenergy;

Thomas Loew, Member of the core team, Scientists for Future;

Poul Kattler, Spokesperson, Back on Track;

Fabien Chevalier, Président, Sauvons l’Europe;

Lena Hartog, Director, CollAction;

Catherine Howarth, Chief Executive, ShareAction;

Justin Wilkes, Executive Director, Ecostandard;

Katharina van Bronswijk, Spokesperson, Psychologists for Future;

Iliyana Gräbner, Programme Coordinator Civic Europe, MitOst;

Pierre Bernard, Chairman of Board, Friends of Sustainable Grids;

Daniela Vancic, European Programme Manager, Democracy International;

Roger Casale, Secretary General, New Europeans;

Tony Venables, Founder, ECITFoundation (on European Citizens’ Rights, Involvement and Trust);

Álvaro Vasconcelos, Founder of Forum Demos, former Director, European Union Institute of Security Studies;

Kumi Naidoo, Former International Executive Director Greenpeace International, Former Secretary General, Amnesty International, National CSOs;

Lavinia Andrei, President, TERRA Mileniul III, Romania;

Ákos Éger, Executive President, National Society of Conservationists, Hungary;

Neil Makaroff, Europe Manager, Réseau Action Climat, France;

Khaled Gaiji, President, Friends of the Earth France;

Francisco Ferreira, President, ZERO - Associação Sistema Terrestre Sustentável, Portugal;

Nicolas Van Nuffel, Climate Coalition Belgium;

Antje Paulsen, Welthungerhilfe, Germany;

Christiaan Kuipers and Antoine Maartens, Urgenda, Netherlands;

Heffa Schuecking, Director,Urgewald, Germany;

Gunnar Boye Olesen, Coordinator, International Network for Sustainable Energy – Europe;

Arnaud Zacharie, Director, CNCD 11.11.11, Belgium;

Arnaud Schwartz, President, France Nature Environnement, member of the EESC;

Freek Kallenberg, Campaigns Manager, Milieudefensie, Netherlands;

Uku Lilleväli, Project Manager, Estwatch, Estonia;

Mauro Albrizio, European Affairs Director, Legambiente, Italy;

Julie Henches, Alternatiba, France;

Frederik Sandby,Director, 350 The Climate Movement of Denmark;

Lamya Essemlali, President, Sea Sheperd France;

Domantas Tracevicius, Founder, VšĮ Žiedinė ekonomika, Lithuania;

Sara Nyberg, International coordinator, PUSH Sweden;

Thierry Libaert, Representative of the Nicolas Hulot Foundation for Nature and Mankind NGO to the EESC;

Audrey Mathieu, German and European climate policies team leader, Germanwatch;

Zsolt Bauer, Executive Director, Climate Reality Europe (Al Gore), Hungary;

Katerina Davidova, Project Coordinator, Centre for Transport and Energy, Czechia;

Jean-Pascal Labille, Secretary General, Solidaris, Belgium;

Johannes Wahlmüller, Climate and Energy Campaigner, Global 2000, Austria;

Sylvie Meekers, Executive Director, Inter Environnement Wallonie, Belgium;

Miljenka Kuhar, Senior Expert, DOOR (Društvo za oblikovanje održivog razvoja), Croatia;

Ângela Morgado, Executive Director, Associação Natureza Portugal;

Reinhold Pape, AirClim (Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat), Sweden;

Emanuele Corsico Piccolini, International Officer, FutureDem, Italy;

Theofano Papakonstantinou, Vice President, Alternative Innovative Development, Greece;

André Kiekens, General Secretary, WSM (We Social Movements), Belgium;

Katharina Rogenhofer, Project Leader, Klimavolksbegehren, Austria;

Ana Salcedo, Co-founder, Zero Waste Lab Portugal;

Kim Le Quang and Gaëtano Boutcher, Founders, Rise for Climate Belgium;

Clémentine Nordon, Actions and Citizens lobbying Director, Citoyens pour le Climat, France;

Jorge Palmeirim, President, Liga para a Protecção da Natureza (LPN), Portugal;

Evelyn Bodenmeier, Head of Climate Policy, GermanZero;

Jonas Bane, Chairman, Klimatriksdagen, Sweden;

Ernst-Christoph Stolper, Former State Secretary;

Rhineland Palatinate, Representative of BUND in the German NGO Forum on Environment and Development;

Luc Van Gorp, President, Alliance Nationale des Mutualités Chrétiennes/Landsbond van de Christelijke Mutualiteiten;

Jean Hermesse, Vice-president, Alliance Nationale des Mutualités Chrétiennes/Landsbond van de Christelijke Mutualiteiten, Belgium, Trade unionists;

Ludger Ramme, President, CEC-European Managers;

Luca Visentini, Secretary General, European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC);

Laurent Berger, President, ETUC, Secretary general, CFDT, France;

Rudy De Leeuw, former President, ETUC;

Ludovic Voet, Confederal secretary in charge of energy, climate and youth, ETUC;

Oliver Röpke, President, EESC’s Workers Group, Head of the Brussels Office, Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB);

Andreas Botsch, Special Adviser to the President, German Confederation of Trade Unions, Germany;

Yvan Ricordeau, Secretary General in charge of Europe, CFDT, France;

Philippe Portier, National secretary in charge of sustainable development, CFDT, France;

Marc Leemans, President, AVC-CSC, Belgium;

Robert Verteneuil, President, FGTB-ABVV, Belgium;

Miranda Ulens, Secretary General FGTB-ABVV, Belgium;

Marie-Hélène Ska, Secretary General, AVC-CSC, Belgium;

Felipe Van Keirsbilck, Secretary General, CNE, Belgium;

Anne Demelenne, Former Secretary General, FGTB, Belgium;

Estelle Ceulemans, Secretary General, FGTB Brussels;

Cristina Faciaben, Head of the International and Cooperation Secretariat, CCOO, Spain, Academics and researchers;

Jacques Dubochet, Biophysicist, University of Lausanne, Nobelist 2017;

Gérard Mourou, Physicist, Nobelist 2018;

Ann Pettifor, Director, Policy Research in Macroeconomics (PRIME);

Tim Jackson, Professor of sustainable development, University of Surrey;

Kate Raworth, Author of  Doughnut Economics;

Emmanuel Saez, Professor of Economics, University of California;

Gaël Giraud, Chief economist, Agence Française de Développement (AFD), Director, Energy and Prosperity Chair;

Stéphanie Monjon, Professor of economics, Paris Dauphine University;

Pablo Servigne, Researcher and author;

Gilles Raveaud, Economist, Paris St Denis University - Institut d’Études Européennes;

Denis Dupré, Researcher and Professor, Economics, Ethics, Finance and Ecology, Grenoble University;

Sophie Swaton, Researcher and Professor, Institute of Geography and Sustainability, Lausanne University (UNIL);

Dominique Bourg, Professor, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment of the University of Lausanne;

Philippe Waldteufel, former Director, French Ministry for Research; 

Aurélien Barrau, Astrophysicist, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS, France;

Luc Abbadie, Professor of Ecology, Sorbonne University;

Denis Couvet, Professor, National Museum of Natural History Paris; 

Nadine Gouzée, Economist, Honorary member of the Federal Planning Bureau, Belgium;

Paul Jorion, Anthropologist, Sociologist;

Stefan Luther, Ecological Economist, Vienna University;

Sigrid Stagl, Professor, Ecological and environmental economics, Founder, Institute for Ecological Economics;

Georg Gratzer, Professor, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna;

Joël Guiot, Research Director, Centre for Research and Teaching in Environmental Geoscience;

Edouard Delruelle, Professor of philosophy, University of Liège;

Jean Gadrey, Economist;

Nicolas Metzl, Oceanographer, Senior scientist, Laboratoire d'océanographie et du climat (LOCEAN);

Dominique Méda, Sociology Professor, Univesity Paris Dauphine;

Carlo Ginzburg, Historian and author;

Natacha Gondran, Professor of Urban and Industrial Ecology, Mines Saint Etienne;

Stefano Zamagni, Professor of Economics, University of Bologna;

Dominique Gauzin-Müller, Architect and author;

Phoebe Koundouri, Professor of economics, Athens University of Economics and Business;

Corinne Morel Darleux. Researcher and author, Regional councilor of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes;

Dirk Buschle, Professor of European Energy Policy, College of Europe;

Lucrezia Reichlin, Professor of Economics, London Business School, Chairman,Now-Casting Economics;

David Vieites, Research Scientist, Spanish Research Council – CSIC, Head scientist, BioCoRe;

Markus Gabriel, Director, International Center for Philosophy and Center for Science and Thought, Professor, University of Bonn;

Vera Negri Zamagni, Professor of Economic History, University of Bologna, Former Vice President of the EmiliaRomagna regional government and co-founder of the European Review of Economic History;

Jordi Cortina i Segarra, Professor of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity, University of Alicante and Society for Ecologic Restoration Europe Richard Murphy, Professor of Practice in InternationalPolitical Economy, University of London, Director, Corporate AccountabilityNetwork, Co-Founder, The GreenNew Deal, Businesses;

Philippe Dumas, Secretary General, European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC);

Etienne de Callatay, Chief Economist, Orcadia Asset Management;

Arthur ten Wolde, Director, Circular Future;

Sandra de Lassus, Director, Ben & Jerry's France;

Bernard Bayot, Director, Financité, President, NewB, Fabrice Bonnifet, Sustainable Development Director, Bouygues corporate; 

Sophie Bodin, CEO, Lilo.org; 

Jacques Crahay, CEO, Cosucra;

Amandine Albizzati, CEO, Enercoop;

Laetitia Van de Walle, CEO, Lamazuna;

Philippe Lévêque, Founder and CEO, Ecofrugal Project;

Karine Niego, CEO, Yes We Green;

Noel Bauza, CEO, Zéro Eco Impact;

Gustave Alfsen, COO, UrbiseKo;

Catherine Dubisson, PR Director, Nutergia;

Sandra Legel, CEO, BiomParis;

Morgane Baudin, Co-Founder, Pixetik;

Marc Lemaire, Coordinator, Coalition Kaya;

Sebastien Ortega, Founder, MetaStrat;

Manfred Muehlberger, Chair, Ecopreneur EU;

Martin Stuchtey, Co-Founder and Managing Partner, SYSTEMIQ Ltd, Professor, Innsbrück University;

Pascal Vermeulen, Managing Partner, Climact;

Michel Frémont, CEO, IDEE - Initiatives pour le Développement de l’Efficacité Energétique;

Jean-Yves Wilmotte, Manager, Carbone 4;

Christine Wörlen, CEO, Arepo Consult;

Katharina Reuter, CEO, Entrepreneurs for Future,

Cyril Dion, Actor, director and guarantor of the French Citizens’ Convention for Climate;

Cécile de France, Actress;

Carole Scotta, Director;

Emma de Caunes, Actress;

Philippe Geluck, Cartoonist and comedian;

Cédric Klapisch, Director and producer;

Stanislas Nordey, Theater and opera director;

Fabrice Murgia, Director, Wallonia-Brussels National Theater;

Josiane Balasko, Actress;

Marion Vernoux, Director;

Mantas Meškerys, Founder, Strings of Earth Orchestra;

Elphège Kongombe Yamalé, Actress;

Thomas Gasser, Anthropologist, Actor at The Workcenter of Jerzy Grotowski and Thomas Richard;

Julien Vidal, Youtuber, Founder, Ça commence par moi;

Olivier Py, Director, Avignon Theater Festival;

Laurent Baheux, Photograph;

Natalie Dessay, Lyrical artist;

Vincent Niclo, Tenor;

Camille Cottin, Actress,

Karl Falkenberg, Former Director-General for Environment, European Commission;

Olivier de Schutter, Former UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Professor, UCLouvain;

Franz Baumann, Former UN assistant secretary-general, UN Special adviser on Environment and Peace Operations; 

Svein Tveitdal, Former UN Environmental Director, Director, Klima2020,

Enrico Letta, Former Prime Minister of Italy, (PD, S&D), Dean, Paris School of International Affairs; 

Petre Roman, Former Prime Minister of Romania;

Jaume Bartumeu, Former Prime Minister of Andorra (SDP, S&D);

Rosen Plevneliev, Former President of Bulgaria;

Philippe Busquin, Former European Commissioner for Technology, Belgium, (PS, S&D);

Corina Creţu, Former European Commissioner for Regional Policy, MEP, Romania (PRO Romania, S&D);

Pascal Lamy, Former European Commissioner for Trade, Director, Jacques Delors Center Berlin, (PS, S&D);

Janez Potočnik, Former European Commissionner for Environment, Slovenia, Co-Chair of UN International Resource Panel; 

László Andor, Secretary General, Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS), Former European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Hungary, (MSZP, S&D);

Philippe Henry, Minister of energy and climate action, Wallonia, Belgium (Ecolo, Greens/EFA);

Jean-Luc Crucke, Minister of finances and budget, Wallonia, Belgium (MR, Renew Europe); 

Alain Maron, Minister of environment and energy, Brussels-capital region, Belgium (Ecolo, Greens/EFA);

Denis McShane, Former Minister for European Affairs, UK (Labour, S&D); 

Carlo di Antonio, Former Minister of environment, Wallonia, Belgium (cdH, EPP);

Benoit Lutgen, former Minister of environment, Member of the European Parliament, Belgium (cdH, EPP);

Joëlle Milquet, Former Minister of the Interior, Belgium (cdH, EPP),

Cristina Narbona, President, Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party;

Olivier Faure, First Secretary, French Socialist Party;

Paul Magnette, Chair, Belgian Socialist Party;

Evelyne Huytebroek, Former Environment Minister, Co-Chair of the European Green Party, Belgium;

Rajae Maouane and Jean-Marc Nollet, Co-Chairs, Ecolo Party, Belgium;

Gérard Deprez, President, Humanist Democratic Centre (Centre Démocrate Humaniste), Belgium;

Sergei Stanishev, President, Party of European Socialists, Former Prime Minister of Bulgaria, MEP;

Giórgos Papandréou, President, Socialist International;

Alicia Homs Ginel, President, Young European Socialists,

Iraxte García Pérez, Member of the European Parliament, Chair, S&D Group, Spain (PSOE, S&D); 

Philippe Lamberts, Member of the European Parliament, Vice-Chair, Greens/EFA, Belgium (Ecolo, Greens);

Manon Aubry, Member of the European Parliament, Co-President, GUE/NGL, France (LFI, GUE/NGL),

Eider Gardiazabal Rubial, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Katalin Cseh, MEP, Hungary, (Momentum, Renew);

Margarida Marques, MEP, Portugal (PS, S&D);

Rasmus Andresen, MEP, Germany (Die Grünen, Greens/EFA);

Javier Moreno Sanchez, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Brando Benifei, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D);

Michal Wiezik, MEP, Slovakia (SPOLU, EPP);

Erik Bergkvist, MEP, Sweden (Arbetarepartiet - Socialdemokraterna, S&D);

Karima Delli, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Frédérique Ries, MEP, Belgium (MR, Renew);

Domènec Ruiz Devesa, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Biljana Borzan, MEP, Croatia (SPH, S&D);

Anna Cavazzini, MEP, Germany (Grünen, Greens/EFA);

Delara Burkhardt, MEP, Germany (SPD, S&D);

Bas Eickhout, MEP, Netherlands (GroenLinks, Greens/EFA);

Niels Fuglsang, MEP, Denmark (Socialdemokratiet, S&D);

Pascal Durand, MEP, France (Renew);

Pedro Silva Pereira, MEP, Portugal (PS, S&D);

Monika Vana, MEP, Austria (Grüne, Greens/EFA);

Gabriele Bischoff, MEP, Germany (SPD, S&D);

Adriana Maldonado, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Ville Niinistö, MEP, Finland (VL, Greens/EFA);

Pascal Arimont, MEP, Belgium (CSP, EPP);

Marc Tarabella, MEP, Belgium (PS, S&D);

Anna Júlia Donáth, MEP, Hungary (Momentum, Hungary); Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, MEP, Poland (SLD, S&D);

Agnes Jongerius, MEP,Netherlands (PvdA, S&D);

Tanja Fajon, MEP, Slovenia (Socialni demokrati, S&D);

Alfred Sant, MEP, Malta (PL, S&D);

Mohammed Chachim, MEP, Netherlands (PvdA, S&D);

Juozas Olekas, MEP, Lithuania (LSP, S&D);

Simona Bonafè, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D);

Eleonora Evi, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A);

Attila Ara-Kovaks, MEP, Hungary (DK, S&D);

Martin Buschmann, MEP, Germany (Partei Mensch Umwelt Tierschutz, N-A);

Damien Carême, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Dietmar Köster, MEP, Germany (SPD, S&D);

Margrete Auken, MEP, Denmark, (SF, Greens/EFA);

Robert Biedroń, MEP, Poland (Wiosna, S&D);

Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó, MEP, Spain (Junts per Catalunya, N-A);

AlviinaAlametsä, MEP, Finland (VL, Greens/EFA);

Elisabetta Gualmini, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D); 

Marie Toussaint, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens);

Sándor Rónai, MEP, Hungary (DK, S&D);

Eric Andrieu, MEP, France (PS, S&D);

David Cormand, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens);

Paul Tang, MEP, Netherlands (PvdA, S&D);

Michèle Rivasi, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Sirpa Pietikäinen, MEP, Finland (K.K., EPP);

Tiemo Wölken, MEP, Germany (SPD, S&D);

Martin Hojsik, MEP, Slovakia (Progresívne Slovensko, Renew);

Maria Noichl, MEP, Germany (SPD, S&D);

Marcos Ros Sempere, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Tilly Metz, MEP, Luxembourg (Déi Gréng, Greens/EFA);

Estrella Dura Ferrandis, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Lina Galvez Muñoz, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

François Alfonsi, MEP, France (Régions et peuples solidaires, Greens/EFA);

Benoit Biteau, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Milan Brglez, MEP, Slovenia (Socialni demokrati, S&D);

Anna Deparnay-Grunenberg, MEP, Germany (Grünen, Greens/EFA);

Sara Cerdas, MEP, Portugal (PS, S&D);

Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Saskia Bricmont, MEP, Belgium (Ecolo, Greens/EFA);

Evelyn Regner, MEP, Austria (SPÖ, S&D);

Sylvie Brunet, MEP, France (Modem, Renew);

Nicolás González Casares, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Isabel Santos, MEP, Portugal (PS, S&D);

Cornelia Ernst, MEP, Germany (Die Linke, GUE/NGL);

Kim van Sparrentak, MEP, Netherlands (GroenLinks, Greens/EFA);

Petar Vitanov, MEP, Bulgaria (BSP, S&D);

Mounir Satouri, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Daniel Freund, MEP, Germany (Grünen, Greens/EFA);

Javi López, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Salima Yenbou, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

César Luena, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Tsvetelina Penkova, MEP, Bulgaria (BSP, S&D);

Claude Gruffat, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Tiziana Beghin, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A);

Irena Joveva, MEP, Slovenia (LMS, Renew);

Francisco Guerreiro, MEP, Portugal (Pessoas-Animais-Naturaleza, Greens/EFA);

Petros Kokkalis, MEP, Greece (Syriza, GUE/NGL);

AlessandraMoretti, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D);

Jutta Paulus, MEP, Germany (Grünen, Greens/EFA);

Monica Silvana Gonzalez, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Caroline Roose, MEP, France (Alliance Ecologiste Indépendante, Greens/EFA);

Ivo Hristov, MEP, Bulgaria (BSP, S&D);

Daniela Rondinelli, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A);

Henrike Hahn, MEP, Germany (Grünen, Greens/EFA);

Fabio Massimo Castaldo, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A);

Petra de Sutter, MEP, Belgium (Groen, Greens/EFA);

Mario Furore, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A);

Cristina Maestre, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Clara Ponsatí Obiols, MEP, Spain (Junts per Catalunya, N-A);

Yannick Jadot, MEP, France (Europe Ecologie, Greens/EFA);

Massimilliano Smeriglio, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D);

Thomas Waitz, MEP, Austria (Grüne, Greens/EFA);

Günther Sidl, MEP, Austria (SPÖ, S&D);

Eugenia Rodríguez Palop, MEP, Spain, (Podemos, GUE/GNL);

Chiara Gemma, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A);

Pierre Larrouturou, MEP, France (Nouvelle Donne, S&D); 

Patrizia Toia, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D);

Giuliano Pisapia, MEP, Italy (PD, S&D);

Inma Rodrígues Piñero, MEP, Spain (PSOE, S&D);

Marc Angel, MEP, Luxembourg (POSL, S&D);

Kira Marie Peter-Hansen, MEP, Denmark (SF, Greens/EFA);

Nora Mebarek, MEP, France (PS, S&D);

Andreas Schieder, MEP, Austria (SPÖ, S&D);

Tonino Picula, MEP, Croatia, (SPH, S&D);

OlivierChastel, MEP, Belgium (MR, Renew);

Rovana Plumb, MEP, Romania (PSD, S&D);

Ernest Urtasun, MEP, Spain, (Catalunya en Comú, Greens/EFA);

Laura Ferrara, MEP, Italy (M5S, N-A); 

Antoni Comín i Oliveres, MEP, Spain (Junts per Catalunya, N-A);

Sylvie Guillaume, MEP, France (PS, S&D);

Elena Yoncheva, MEP, Bulgaria (BSP, S&D);

Sheila Ritchie, Former MEP, UK (Liberal Democrat, Renew);

Martine Roure, Former Vice-President of the European Parliament, France, (S&D);

Magid Magid, Former MEP, Mayor of Sheffield, United Kingdom (Green, Greens/EFA);

Molly Scott Cato, Former MEP, United Kingdom (Green, Greens/EFA), Professor of economics;

Jo Leinen, Former MEP, Germany (SPD, S&D);

Benedek Jávor, Former MEP, Hungary (Párbeszéd Magyarországért,Greens/EFA),

Juan López de Uralde, Chair, Ecological Transition Committee, Spanish Congress of Deputies(Podemos, GUE);

Lukas Hammer, Chair, Environment Committee of the Austrian Parliament (Grüne, Greens/EFA);

Matthieu Orphelin, Memberof the French National Assembly (Ecologie);

Vanessa Matz, Member of the Belgian Federal Parliament, (cdH, EPP);

Marek Kossakowski, Member of the Polish National Council, (Zieloni, Greens/EFA),

Gergely Karácsony, Mayor of Budapest, Hungary;

Philippe Close, Mayor of Brussels, Belgium;

Fernando Medina, Mayor of Lisbon, Portugal;

Eric Piolle, Mayor of Grenoble, France;

Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris, France;

Leoluca Orlando, Mayor of Palermo, Italy;

Virginio Merola, Mayor of Bologna, Italy;

Luigi de Magistris, Mayor of Naples, Italy;

Juan Espadas, Mayor of Sevilla, Spain, Chair, European Committee of the Regions’ Green Deal Working Group;

Arianna Censi, Vice-Mayor of Milan, Italy,;

Karl-Heinz Lambertz, President, Parliament of the German-speaking community of Belgium;

Isolde Ries, First Vice-President of the Saarland Parliament, Member of the Committee of the Regions;

Gaetano Armao, Vice-President and Regional Minister for Economy of the Region of Sicily, CoR member;

Christophe Cleargeau, Member of the Pays-de-la-Loire Regional Council, CoR member;

Silvia Roggiani, Secretary General, Partito Democratico di Milano, CoR member;

Roby Biwer, Member of the Bettembourg Municipal Council, Coordinator of ENVE commission in the CoR;

Guillaume Cros, Vice-President of the Regional Council of Occitanie, CoR member;

Christophe de Beukelaer, Member, Brussels-capital region Parliament;

Bixente Lizarazu, Former football player, Winner of the 1998 FIFA World Cup;

Lilian Thuram, Former football player, Winner of the 1998 FIFA World Cup; 

Bishop Marc Stenger, Co-president, Pax Christi International;

Bishop Bruno-Marie Dufé, Climate advisor to Pope Francis; Secretary, Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development;

Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, President, Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the EU (COMECE);

Princess Esmeralda of Belgium