Petition: 26.000 Scientists Oppose 5G Roll Out

Fonte: aqui

Concerns about the upcoming launch of 5G radio telecommunications technology has prompted a mass petition against the move on safety grounds by thousands of scientists and related professionals.

Arthur Firstenberg writes:

Wireless Radiation: Stop The 5G Network On Earth And In Space, Devastating Impacts On Health And The Environment

To the UN, WHO, EU, Council of Europe and governments of all nations

We the undersigned scientists, doctors, environmental organizations and citizens from (__) countries, urgently call for a halt to the deployment of the 5G (fifth generation) wireless network, including 5G from space satellites. 5G will massively increase exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation on top of the 2G, 3G and 4G networks for telecommunications already in place. RF radiation has been proven harmful for humans and the environment. The deployment of 5G constitutes an experiment on humanity and the environment that is defined as a crime under international law.

Executive summary

Telecommunications companies worldwide, with the support of governments, are poised within the next two years to roll out the fifth-generation wireless network (5G). This is set to deliver what is acknowledged to be unprecedented societal change on a global scale. We will have “smart” homes, “smart” businesses, “smart” highways, “smart” cities and self-driving cars. Virtually everything we own and buy, from refrigerators and washing machines to milk cartons, hairbrushes and infants’ diapers, will contain antennas and microchips and will be connected wirelessly to the Internet. Every person on Earth will have instant access to super-high-speed, low- latency wireless communications from any point on the planet, even in rainforests, mid-ocean and the Antarctic.

What is not widely acknowledged is that this will also result in unprecedented environmental change on a global scale. The planned density of radio frequency transmitters is impossible to envisage. In addition to millions of new 5G base stations on Earth and 20,000 new satellites in space, 200 billion transmitting objects, according to estimates, will be part of the Internet of Things by 2020, and one trillion objects a few years later. Commercial 5G at lower frequencies and slower speeds was deployed in Qatar, Finland and Estonia in mid-2018. The rollout of 5G at extremely high (millimetre wave) frequencies is planned to begin at the end of 2018.

Despite widespread denial, the evidence that radio frequency (RF) radiation is harmful to life is already overwhelming. The accumulated clinical evidence of sick and injured human beings, experimental evidence of damage to DNA, cells and organ systems in a wide variety of plants and animals, and epidemiological evidence that the major diseases of modern civilization—cancer, heart disease and diabetes—are in large part caused by electromagnetic pollution, forms a literature base of well over 10,000 peer-reviewed studies.

If the telecommunications industry’s plans for 5G come to fruition, no person, no animal, no bird, no insect and no plant on Earth will be able to avoid exposure, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, to levels of RF radiation that are tens to hundreds of times greater than what exists today, without any possibility of escape anywhere on the planet. These 5G plans threaten to provoke serious, irreversible effects on humans and permanent damage to all of the Earth’s ecosystems.

Immediate measures must be taken to protect humanity and the environment, in accordance with ethical imperatives and international agreements.

5G will result in a massive increase in inescapable, involuntary exposure to wireless radiation

Ground-based 5G

In order to transmit the enormous amounts of data required for the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G technology, when fully deployed, will use millimetre waves, which are poorly transmitted through solid material. This will require every carrier to install base stations every 100 metres[1] in every urban area in the world. Unlike previous generations of wireless technology, in which a single antenna broadcasts over a wide area, 5G base stations and 5G devices will have multiple antennas arranged in “phased arrays” [2],[3] that work together to emit focused, steerable, laser-like beams that track each other.

Each 5G phone will contain dozens of tiny antennas, all working together to track and aim a narrowly focused beam at the nearest cell tower. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted rules[4]permitting the effective power of those beams to be as much as 20 watts, ten times more powerful than the levels permitted for current phones.

Each 5G base station will contain hundreds or thousands of antennas aiming multiple laser-like beams simultaneously at all cell phones and user devices in its service area. This technology is called “multiple input multiple output” or MIMO. FCC rules permit the effective radiated power of a 5G base station’s beams to be as much as 30,000 watts per 100 MHz of spectrum,[2] or equivalently 300,000 watts per GHz of spectrum, tens to hundreds of times more powerful than the levels permitted for current base stations.

Space-based 5G

At least five companies[5] are proposing to provide 5G from space from a combined 20,000 satellites in low- and medium-Earth orbit that will blanket the Earth with powerful, focused, steerable beams. Each satellite will emit millimetre waves with an effective radiated power of up to 5 million watts[6] from thousands of antennas arranged in a phased array. Although the energy reaching the ground from satellites will be less than that from ground-based antennas, it will irradiate areas of the Earth not reached by other transmitters and will be additional to ground-based 5G transmissions from billions of IoT objects. Even more importantly, the satellites will be located in the Earth’s magnetosphere, which exerts a significant influence over the electrical properties of the atmosphere. The alteration of the Earth’s electromagnetic environment may be an even greater threat to life than the radiation from ground-based antennas (see below).

Please go to Global Research to read the entire article.

Source: Health Impact News

20,000 Satellites For 5G To Be Launched Sending Focused Beams Of Intense Microwave Radiation Over Entire Earth

by John P. Thomas • Health Impact News • January 11, 2018

Public attention about 5G has been focused on the plans of telecom companies to install millions of small cell towers on electric utility poles, on public buildings and schools, on bus stop shelters, in public parks, and anywhere they want in national parks and on federally owned land.

In local urban communities there would be a cell tower approximately every 500 feet along every street.

As bad as these small cell towers might seem from the standpoint of constant exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation in close proximity to the source, perhaps an even more alarming prospect will be the beaming of millimeter length microwaves at the earth from thousands of new communication satellites.

The FCC gave approval to SpaceX on March 29, 2018, to launch 4,425 satellites into low orbit around the Earth. [1]

The total number of satellites that is expected to be put into low and high orbit by several companies will be 20,000 satellites. [1]

5G will use Phased Array Antennas to shoot Beams of Radiation at Cell Phones

These satellites will use the same type of phased array antennas as will be used by the ground-based 5G systems.

This means that they will send tightly focused beams of intense microwave radiation at each specific 5G device that is on the Earth and each device will send a beam of radiation back to the satellite. [2]

Previous generations of RF cellular communication used large antennas to send a blanket of radiation in all directions. The lower frequencies they used and the broad distribution of microwaves limited the numbers of cellular devices that could connect through an individual tall tower.

The much shorter length microwaves used for 5G will make it possible to use small phased array antennas to send and receive signals.

Phased array antennas consist of clusters of hundreds of tiny antennas that work together to shoot a ray of energy at a target just like a bullet. A cluster of these tiny antennas can be arranged in a 4 inch by 4 inch matrix.

The rays of microwaves they produce will be strong enough to pass through walls and human bodies. If they were not strong enough to do this, then everyone with a 5G smartphone would have to stand outside when using the devices. [2]

Each 5G product will also have multiple phased array antennas which will be used to create a powerful beam of radiation back to the 5G devices mounted on electrical utility poles or toward a specific satellite in space.

These beams of radiation will also need to be strong enough to pass through walls and human flesh such as a hand or head to reach the intended destination. [2]

This means that if you are in a crowded location, such as an airport or on a train, there will be hundreds if not thousands of invisible beams of radiation flying through the environment at the speed of light.

As people move in that environment, their bodies will be penetrated by numerous beams of radiation as they walk or as other people walk around them with their 5G smartphones. [2]

5G Phones will be much more Powerful than Previous Phones

The effective radiated power of the 5G phased array antennas in phones will be 10 times more powerful than 4G phones.

No one will be free from exposure.

In addition, 5G beams of microwave radiation will be received and transmitted from new computer equipment, household appliances, and automobiles.

Stationary equipment such as Wi-Fi hubs in homes and offices will be permitted to use microwave beams that are 15 times stronger (300 watts) than the signals from 5G phones or 150 times stronger than 4G phones. [2]

Please go to Health Impact News to read the entire article.

Initial signatories

AFRICA

Lauraine Margaret Helen Vivian, PhD, Anthropology and Psychiatry; Honorary Research Associate, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Signatory for South Africa
ASIA

Girish Kumar, PhD, Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
AUSTRALIA

Don Maisch, PhD, Independent researcher, author of ”The Procrustean Approach”, Lindisfarne, Tasmania, Australia

EUROPE

Alfonso Balmori, BSc, Master in Environmental Education, Biologist. Valladolid, Spain

Klaus Buchner, Dr. rer. nat., Professor, MEP – Member of the European Parliament, Kompetenzinitiative zum Schutz von Mensch, Umwelt und Demokratie e.V., München, Germany

Daniel Favre, Dr. phil. nat., Biologist, A.R.A. (Association Romande Alerte aux Ondes Electromagnétiques), Switzerland

Annie Sasco, MD, DrPH, SM, HDR, former Chief of Research Unit of Epidemiology for Cancer Prevention at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon; former Acting Chief, Programme for Cancer Control of the World Health Organization (WHO); former Director of Research at the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM); France

NORTH AMERICA

Martin Pall, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University, residing in Portland, Oregon, USA

Kate Showers, PhD, Soil Science, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for World Environmental History, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK, residing in Bolton-Est, Québec, Canada
SOUTH AMERICA

Carlos Sosa, MD, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

*

Note to readers: please click the share buttons above. Forward this article to your email lists. Crosspost on your blog site, internet forums. etc.

Notes

[1] De Grasse M. AT&T outlines 5G network architecture. RCR Wireless News, Oct. 20, 2016. https://www.rcrwireless.com/20161020/network-infrastructure/att-outlines-5g-network-architecture-tag4. Accessed July 9, 2018.

[2] Hong W, Jiang ZH, Yu C, et al. Multibeam antenna technologies for 5G wireless communications. IEEE Tr Ant Prop. 2017;65(12):6231-6249. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2712819.

[3] Chou H-T. Design Methodology for the Multi-Beam Phased Array of Antennas with Relatively Arbitrary Coverage Sector. Conference paper: 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation; Paris, France. doi: 10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928095.

[4] 47 CFR § 30.202 — Power limits.

[5] SpaceX,  WorldVu,  Boeing, Telesat Canada, and Iridium.

[6] Federal Communications Commission. Pending Application for Satellite Space and Earth Station Authorization. Schedule S, Technical Report. Dated April 2016, filed March 1, 2017. http://licensing.fcc.gov/myibfs/download.do?attachment_key=1200245. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[7] Governments and organizations that ban or warn against wireless technology. Cellular Phone Task Force website. http://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/governments-and-organizations-that-ban-or-warn-against-wireless-technology/. Accessed June 10, 2018. Continually updated.

[8] The International Doctors ́ Appeal (Freiburger Appeal). http://freiburger-appell-2012.info/en/home.php?lang=EN. Published in 2012. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[9] International appeal: scientists call for protection from non-ionizing electromagnetic field exposure. International EMF Scientist Appeal website. https://emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal. Published May 11, 2015. Accessed June 10, 2018. As of March 2018, 237 EMF scientists from 41 nations had signed the Appeal.

[10] Glaser Z. Cumulated index to the bibliography of reported biological phenofmena (‘effects’) and clinical manifestations attributed to microwave and radio-frequency radiation: report, supplements (no. 1-9).BEMS newsletter (B-1 through B-464), 1971-1981. http://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Zory-Glasers-index.pdf. Accessed June 26, 2018. Report and 9 supplements issued by Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD; Research Division, Bureau of Medicine & Surgery, Dept. of the Navy, Washington, DC; Electromagnetic Radiation Project Office, Naval Medical Research & Development Command, Bethesda, MD; Naval Surface Weapons Center, Dahlgren, VA; and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, MD. Index by Julie Moore and Associates, Riverside, CA, 1984. Lt. Zorach Glaser, PhD, catalogued 5,083 studies, books and conference reports for the US Navy through 1981.

[11] Sage C, Carpenter D., eds. Biolnitiative Report: A Rationale for a Biologically-Based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation. Sage Associates; 2012. www.bioinitiative.org. Accessed June 10, 2018. The 1,470-page BioInitiative Report, authored by an international group of 29 experts, has reviewed more than 1,800 new studies and is continually updated.

[12] Grigoriev Y. Bioeffects of modulated electromagnetic fields in the acute experiments (results of Russian researches). Annu Russ Natl Comm Non-Ionising Radiat Protect. 2004:16-73. http://bemri.org/publications/biological-effects-of-non-ionizing-radiation/78-grigoriev-bioeffects07/file.html. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[13] Obajuluwa AO, Akinyemi AJ, Afolabi OB, et al. Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic waves alters acetylcholinesterase gene expression, exploratory and motor coordination-linked behaviour in male rats.Toxicol Rep. 2017;4:530-534. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221475001730063X/pdfft?md5=0af5af76124b1f89f6d23c90c5c7764f&pid=1-s2.0-S221475001730063X-main.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[14] Volkow ND, Tomasi D, Wang G-J, et al. Effects of cell phone radiofrequency signal exposure on brain glucose metabolism. JAMA. 2012;305(8):808-813. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184892. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[15] Eghlidospour M, Ghanbari A, Mortazavi S, Azari H. Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells. Anat Cell Biol. 2017;50(2):115-123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509895. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[16] Hardell L, Carlberg C. Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumors. Int J Oncol.2009;35(1):5-17. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijo/35/1/5/download. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[17] Bandara P, Weller S. Cardiovascular disease: Time to identify emerging environmental risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(17):1819-1823. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2047487317734898. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[18] Deshmukh P et al. Cognitive impairment and neurogenotoxic effects in rats exposed to low-intensity microwave radiation. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(3):284-290. doi: 10.1177/1091581815574348.

[19] Zothansiama, Zosangzuali M, Lalramdinpuii M, Jagetia GC. Impact of radiofrequency radiation on DNA damage and antioxidants in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans residing in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations. Electromag Biol Med. 2017;36(3):295-305. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1350584.

[20] Zwamborn A, Vossen S, van Leersum B, Ouwens M, Mäkel W. Effects of Global Communication system radio-frequency fields on Well Being and Cognitive Functions of human subjects with and without subjective complaints. TNO Report FEL-03-C148. The Hague: TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory; 2003. http://www.milieugezondheid.be/dossiers/gsm/TNO_rapport_Nederland_sept_2003.pdf.
Accessed June 16, 2018.

[21] Havas M. When theory and observation collide: Can non-ionizing radiation cause cancer? Environ Pollut. 2017;221:501-505. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.018.

[22] Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. Spatial memory performance of Wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Clinics. 2009;64(3):231-234. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666459. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[23] Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. Reproduction. 2016;152(6):R263-R266. http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/152/6/R263.long. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[24] Han J, Cao Z, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S. Effect of early pregnancy electromagnetic field exposure on embryo growth ceasing. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2010;39(3):349-52 (in Chinese). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20568468.

[25] Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BRR. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111(7):881-883. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241519/pdf/ehp0111-000881.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[26] Milham S. Evidence that dirty electricity is causing the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014;33(1):75-78. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2013.783853.

[27] Yakymenko I, Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Henshel D, Kyrylenko O, Kyrylenko S. Oxidative mechanisms of biological activity of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation. Electromagn Biol Med. 2016;35(2):186-202. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1043557.

[28] Herbert M, Sage C. Findings in autism (ASD) consistent with electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radiofrequency radiation (RFR). In: Sage C, Carpenter D., eds. Biolnitiative Report: A Rationale for a Biologically-Based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation. Sec. 20. Sage Associates; 2012. http://www.bioinitiative.org/report/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/sec20_2012_Findings_in_Autism.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2018.

[29] Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children. Epidemiology 2008;19: 523–529. http://www.wifiinschools.com/uploads/3/0/4/2/3042232/divan_08_prenatal_postnatal
_cell_phone_use.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2018.

[30] Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Cell phone use and behavioural problems in young children. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010;66(6):524-529. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.115402. Accessed July 16, 2018.

[31] Li D-K, Chen H, Odouli R. Maternal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy in relation to the risk of asthma in offspring. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(10):945-950. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1107612. Accessed June 29, 2018.

[32] Warnke U. Bees, Birds and Mankind: Destroying Nature by ‘Electrosmog.’ Competence Initiative for the Protection of Humanity, Environment and Democracy; 2009. www.naturalscience.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/01/kompetenzinitiative-ev_study_bees-birds-and-mankind_04-08_english.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[33] Balmori A. Electromagnetic pollution from phone masts. Effects on wildlife. Pathophysiology. 2009;16:191-199. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.007. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[34] Cammaerts MC, Johansson O. Ants can be used as bio-indicators to reveal biological effects of electromagnetic waves from some wireless apparatus. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014;33(4):282-288. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2013.817336.

[35] Broomhall M. Report detailing the exodus of species from the Mt. Nardi area of the Nightcap National Park World Heritage Area during a 15-year period (2000-2015). Report for the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Mt-Nardi-Wildlife-Report-to-UNESCO-FINAL.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[36] Kordas D. Birds and Trees of Northern Greece: Changes since the Advent of 4G Wireless. 2017. https://einarflydal.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/kordas-birds-and-trees-of-northern-greece-2017-final.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2018.

[37] Waldmann-Selsam C, Balmori-de la Puente A, Breunig H, Balmori A. Radiofrequency radiation injures trees around mobile phone base stations. Sci Total Environ. 2016;572:554-569. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.045.

[38] Balmori A. Mobile phone mast effects on common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles: The city turned into a laboratory. Electromagn Biol Med. 2010(1-2):31-35. doi: 10.3109/15368371003685363.

[39] Margaritis LH, Manta AK, Kokkaliaris KD, et al. Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014;33(3):165-189. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2013.800102.

[40] Kumar NR, Sangwan S, Badotra P. Exposure to cell phone radiations produces biochemical changes in worker honey bees. Toxicol Int. 2011;18(1):70-72. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3052591. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[41] Balmori A. Efectos de las radiaciones electromagnéticas de la telefonía móvil sobre los insectos.Ecosistemas. 2006;15(1):87-95. https://www.revistaecosistemas.net/index.php/ecosistemas/article/ download/520/495. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[42] Balmori A. The incidence of electromagnetic pollution on wild mammals: A new “poison” with a sloweffect on nature? Environmentalist. 2010;30(1):90-97. doi: 10.1007/s10669-009-9248-y

[43] Magras IN, Xenos TD. RF radiation-induced changes in the prenatal development of mice.Bioelectromagnetics 1997;18(6):455-461. http://collectiveactionquebec.com/uploads/8/0/9/7/80976394/exhibit_r-62_magras_mice_study.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[44] Otitoloju AA, Osunkalu VO, Oduware R, et al. Haematological effects of radiofrequency radiation from GSM base stations on four successive generations (F1 – F4) of albino mice, Mus Musculus. J Environ Occup Sci. 2012;1(1):17-22. https://www.ejmanager.com/mnstemps/62/62-1332160631.pdf?t=1532966199. Accessed July 30, 2018.

[45] Magone I. The effect of electromagnetic radiation from the Skrunda Radio Location Station on Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden cultures. Sci Total Environ. 1996;180(1):75-80. doi: 0048-9697(95)04922-3.

[46] Nittby H, Brun A, Strömblad S, et al. Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability.Environmentalist. 2011;31(2):140-148. doi: 10.1007/s10669-011-9307-z.

[47] Haggerty K. Adverse influence of radio frequency background on trembling aspen seedlings: Preliminary observations. International Journal of Forestry Research. 2010; Article ID 836278. http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2010/836278.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[48] Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, et al. Evaluation of the effect of radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi router and mobile phone simulator on the antibacterial susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose Response. 2017;15(1):1559325816688527. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298474. Accessed June 18, 2018.

[49] International Agency for Research on Cancer. Non-ionizing radiation, part 2: radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol 102. Lyon, France: WHO Press; 2013. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol102/mono102.pdf. Accessed July 2, 2018.

[50] Carlberg M, Hardell L. Evaluation of mobile phone and cordless phone use and glioma risk using the Bradford Hill viewpoints from 1965 on association and causation. Biomed Res Int. 2017:9218486. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5376454. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[51] Blackman CF. Evidence for disruption by the modulating signal. In: Sage C, Carpenter D., eds. Biolnitiative Report: A Rationale for a Biologically-Based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Radiation. Sec. 15. Sage Associates; 2012. http://www.bioinitiative.org/report/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/sec15_2007_Modulation_Blackman.pdf. Accessed June 19, 2018.

[52] Williams ER. The global electrical circuit: a review. Atmos Res. 2009;91(2):140-152. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.05.018.

[53] Wever R. Human circadian rhythms under the influence of weak electric fields and the different aspects of these studies. Int J Biometeorol. 1973;17(3):227-232. www.vitatec.com/docs/referenz-umgebungsstrahlung/wever-1973.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[54] Wever R. ELF-effects on human circadian rhythms. In: ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects. (Persinger M, ed.) New York: Plenum; 1974:101-144.

[55] Engels S, Schneider N-L, Lefeldt N, et al. Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird. Nature. 2014;509:353-356. doi:10.1038/nature13290.

[56] Ludwig W, Mecke R. Wirkung künstlicher Atmospherics auf Säuger. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie Serie B (Archives for Meteorology Geophysics and Bioclimatology Series B Theoretical and Applied Climatology). 1968;16(2-3):251-261. doi:10.1007/BF02243273.

[57] Morley EL, Robert D. Electric fields elicit ballooning in spiders. Current Biology. 2018;28:1-7. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(18)30693-6.pdf. Accessed July 14, 2018.

[58] Weber J. Die Spinnen sind Deuter des kommenden Wetters (Spiders Are Predictors of the Coming Weather). 1800; Landshut, Germany. “The electrical material works always in the atmosphere; no seasoncan retard its action. Its effects on the weather are almost undisputed; spiders sense it, and alter theirbehaviour accordingly.”

[59] König H. Biological effects of extremely low frequency electrical phenomena in the atmosphere. J Interdiscipl Cycle Res. 2(3):317-323. www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09291017109359276. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[60] Sulman F. The Effect of Air Ionization, Electric Fields, Atmospherics, and Other Electric Phenomena On Man and Animal. American lecture series. Vol 1029. Springfield, Ill: Thomas; 1980.

[61] König HL, Krüger, AP, Lang S, Sönning, W. Biologic Effects of Environmental Electromagnetism. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1981. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5859-9.

[62] Sazanova E, Sazanov A, Sergeenko N, Ionova V, Varakin Y. Influence of near earth electromagnetic resonances on human cerebrovascular system in time of heliogeophysical disturbances. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium. August 2013:1661-1665.

[63] Cherry N. Schumann resonances, a plausible biophysical mechanism for the human health effects of solar/geomagnetic activity. Natural Hazards. 2002;26(3):279-331. doi:10.1023/A:1015637127504.

[64] Polk C. Schumann resonances. In Volland H, ed. CRC Handbook of Atmospherics. Vol. 1. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1982:111-178. https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.132044/2015.132044.Crc-Handbook-Of-Atmospherics-Vol-1#page/n115/mode/2up/search/polk. Accessed June 18, 2018.

[65] Park C, Helliwell R. Magnetospheric effects of power line radiation. Science. 1978;200(4343):727-730. doi:10.1126/science.200.4343.727.

[66] Bullough K, Kaiser TR, Strangeways HJ. Unintentional man-made modification effects in the magnetosphere. J Atm Terr Phys. 1985;47(12):1211-1223.

[67] Luette JP, Park CG, Helliwell RA. The control of the magnetosphere by power line radiation. J Geophys Res. 1979;84:2657-2660.

[68] Becker RO, Selden G. The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life. New York: Morrow; 1985:325-326.

[69] Firstenberg A. Planetary Emergency. Cellular Phone Task Force website. http://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/planetary-emergency. Published 2018. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[70] Becker RO. The basic biological data transmission and control system influenced by electrical forces. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1974;238:236-241. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26793.x.

[71] Maxey ES, Beal JB. The electrophysiology of acupuncture; How terrestrial electric and magnetic fields influence air ion energy exchanges through acupuncture points. International Journal of Biometeorology. 1975;19(Supp. 1):124. doi:10.1007/BF01737335.

[72] Ćosić I, Cvetković D, Fang Q, Jovanov E, Lazoura H. Human electrophysiological signal responses to ELFSchumann resonance and artificial electromagnetic fields. FME Transactions. 2006;34:93-103.http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1450-8230/2006/1450-82300602093C.pdf. Accessed July 18, 2018.

[73] Cohen M, Behrenbruch C, Ćosić I. Is there a link between acupuncture meridians, earth-ionosphere resonances and cerebral activity? Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bioelectromagnetism, Melbourne, Australia. 1998:173-174. doi: 10.1109/ICBEM.1998.666451.

[74] Chevalier G, Mori K, Oschman JL. The effect of earthing (grounding) on human physiology. European Biology and Bioelectromagnetics. January 2006:600-621. http://162.214.7.219/~earthio0/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Effects-of-Earthing-on-Human-Physiology-Part-1.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2018. “Highly significant EEG, EMG and BVP results demonstrate that restoring the natural electrical potential of the earth to the human body (earthing) rapidly affects human electrophysiological and physiological parameters. The extreme rapidity of these changes indicates a physical/bioelectrical mechanism ratherthan a biochemical change.”

[75] Firstenberg A. Earth’s Electric Envelope. In: The Invisible Rainbow: A History of Electricity and Life. Santa Fe, NM: AGB Press; 2017: 113-131.

[76] Cannon PS, Rycroft MJ. Schumann resonance frequency variations during sudden ionospheric disturbances. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys. 1982;44(2):201-206. doi:10.1016/0021-9169(82)90124-6.

[77] Technical Report. European Telecommunications Standards Institute; 2007:7. http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/125900_125999/125914/07.00.00_60/
tr_125914v070000p.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2018. “The Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) is used for radiated performancemeasurements [and is] filled with tissue simulating liquid.”

[78] Research on technology to evaluate compliance with RF protection guidelines. Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Tokyo. http://emc.nict.go.jp/bio/phantom/index_e.html. Accessed July 18, 2018.“SAR is measured by filling phantom liquid that has the same electrical properties as those of the human body in a container made in the shape of the human body, and scanning the inside using an SAR probe.”

[79] Becker RO, Marino AA. Electromagnetism and Life. Albany: State University of New York Press; 1982:39.“The evidence seems to be quite conclusive that there are steady DC electric currents flowing outside of the neurones proper in the entire nervous system.”

[80] Nordenström B. Biologically Closed Electric Circuits. Stockholm: Nordic Medical Publications; 1983.

[81] Nordenström B. Impact of biologically closed electric circuits (BCEC) on structure and function. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1992;27(4):285-303. doi:10.1007/BF02691165.

[82] Devyatkov ND, ed. Non-Thermal Effects of Millimeter Radiation. Moscow: USSR Acad. Sci.; 1981 (Russian).

[83] Devyatkov ND, Golant MB, Betskiy OV. Millimeter Waves and Their Role in the Processes of Life. (Millimetrovye volny i ikh rol’ v protsessakh zhiznedeyatel’nosti). Moscow: Radio i svyaz’ (Radio and Communication); 1991 (Russian).

[84] Betskii OV. Biological effects of low-intensity millimetre waves (Review). Journal of Biomedical Electronics. 2015(1):31-47.http://www.radiotec.ru/article/15678. Accessed July 31, 2018.

[85] Albanese R, Blaschak J, Medina R, Penn J. Ultrashort electromagnetic signals: Biophysical questions,safety issues and medical opportunities,” Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994;65(5 Supp):A116-A120. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a282990.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2018.

[86] Pepe D, Aluigi L, Zito D. Sub-100 ps monocycle pulses for 5G UWB communications. 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). 2016;1-4. doi: 10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481123.

[87] Nasim I, Kim S. Human exposure to RF fields in 5G downlink. arXiv:1711.03683v1.https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.03683. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[88] Thielens A, Bell D, Mortimore DB. Exposure of insects to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields from 2 to 120 GHz. Nature/Scientific Reports. 2018;8:3924. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22271-3.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[89] Hallmann CA, Sorg M, Jongejans E. More than 75 per cent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLOS One. 2017;12(10):e0185809. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185809&type=printable. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[90] Gandhi O, Riazi A. Absorption of millimeter waves by human beings and its biological implications. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech. 1986;34(2):228-235. doi:10.1109/TMTT.1986.1133316.

[91] Russell CL. 5G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications. Environ Res 2018;165:484-495.https://zero5g.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/5-G-wireless-telecommunications-expansion-Public-health-and-environmental-implications-Cindy-L.-russell.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2018.

[92] Hardell L. World Health Organization, radiofrequency radiation and health—a hard nut to crack (review). Int J Oncol. 2017;51:405-413. doi:10.3892/ijo.2017.4046.

[93] Pall M. 5G: Great risk for EU, U.S. and international health: Compelling evidence for eight distinct types of great harm caused by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures and the mechanism that causes them. European Academy for Environmental Medicine. http://www.5gappeal.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/pall_2018.pdf. Published May 2018. Accessed June 22, 2018.

[94] Markov M, Grigoriev Y. Wi-Fi technology: An uncontrolled global experiment on the health of mankind,Electromagn Biol Med. 2013;32(2):200-208. http://www.avaate.org/IMG/pdf/Wi-fi_Technology_-_An_Uncontrolled_Global_Experiment_on_the_Health_of_Mankind_-_Marko_Markov_Yuri_G._Grigoriev.pdf. Accessed June 23, 2018.

[95] Belyaev I, Alipov Y, Shcheglov V, Polunin V, Aizenberg O. Cooperative response of Escherichia coli cells to the resonance effect of millimeter waves at super low intensity. Electromagn Biol Med. 1994;13(1):53-66. doi:10.3109/15368379409030698.

[96] Belyaev I. Nonthermal biological effects of microwaves: Current knowledge, further perspective, and urgent needs. Electromagn Biol Med. 2005;24(3):375-403. doi:10.1080/15368370500381844.

[97] Bise W. Low power radio-frequency and microwave effects on human electroencephalogram and behavior. Physiol Chem Phys. 1978;10(5):387-398.

[98] Brauer I. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Meterwellen verschiedener Feldstärke auf das Teilungswachstum der Pflanzen. Chromosoma. 1950;3(1):483-509. doi:10.1007/BF00319492.

[99] Kondra P, Smith W, Hodgson G, Bragg D, Gavora J, Hamid M. Growth and reproduction of chickens subjected to microwave radiation. Can J Anim Sci. 1970;50(3):639-644. doi:10.4141/cjas70-087.

[100] Frey AH, Seifert E. Pulse modulated UHF energy illumination of the heart associated with change in heart rate. Life Sciences. 1968;7(10 Part 2):505-512. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(68)90068-4.

[101] Mann K, Röschke J. Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on human sleep.Neuropsychobiology. 1996;33(1):41-47. doi: 10.1159/000119247.

[102] Tiagin NV. Clinical aspects of exposure to microwave radiation. Moscow: Meditsina; 1971 (Russian).

[103] Belpomme D, Campagnac C, Irigaray P. Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder. Rev Environ Health 2015;30(4):251–271. https://www.jrseco.com/wp-content/uploads/Belpomme-Environmental-health-2015.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2018.

[104] Hecht K. Health Implications of Long-term Exposure to Electrosmog. Competence Initiative for the Protection of Humanity, the Environment and Democracy. 2016: 16, 42-46. http://kompetenzinitiative.net/KIT/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/KI_Brochure-6_K_Hecht_web.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2018.

[105] Belyaev I, Dean A, Eger H, et al. EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Rev Environ Health. 2016;31(3):363-397. doi:10.1515/reveh-2016-0011.

[106] Schreier N, Huss A, Röösli M. The prevalence of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic field exposure: A cross-sectional representative survey in Switzerland. Soz Praventivmed. 2006;51(4):202-209. doi:10.1007/s00038-006-5061-2. Accessed July 16, 2018.

[107] Schroeder E. Stakeholder-Perspektiven zur Novellierung der 26. BImSchV: Ergebnisse der bundesweitenTelefonumfrage im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Strahlenschutz (Report on stakeholder perspectives onamending the 26th Federal Emission Control Ordinance: Results of the nationwide telephone survey ordered by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection). Schr/bba 04.02.26536.020. Munich, Germany. 2002 (German).  https://www.bfs.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/BfS/DE/berichte/emf/befuerchtungen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3. Accessed July 19, 2018.

[108] Hallberg Ö, Oberfeld G. Letter to the editor: Will we all become electrosensitive? Electromagn Biol Med.2006;25:189-191. https://www.criirem.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/ehs2006_hallbergoberfeld.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

[109] Brussels International Scientific Declaration on Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. ECRI Institute.  http://eceri-institute.org/fichiers/ 1441982765_Statement_EN_DEFINITIF.pdf. Published 2015. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[110] Removal of barriers to entry, 47 U.S.C. § 253. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2015-title47/pdf/USCODE-2015-title47-chap5-subchapII-partII-sec253.pdf; 5G For Europe: An Action Plan. European Commission; 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=17131. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[111] Federal Register – Rules and Regulations. 47 CFR Part 1 [WT Docket No 17–79; FCC 18–30] Accelerating Wireless Broadband Deployment by Removing Barriers to Infrastructure Investment. 2018;83(86). Accessed June 10, 2018.

[112] 5G For Europe: An Action Plan. European Commission; 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=17131. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[113] PCIA – The Wireless Infrastructure Association. Model wireless telecommunications facility siting ordinance. 2012. https://wia.org/wp- content/uploads/Advocacy_Docs/PCIA_Model_Zoning_Ordinance_June_2012.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2018.

[114] Mobile services, 47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iv). https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2016-title47/pdf/USCODE-2016-title47-chap5-subchapIII-partI-sec332.pdf: “No state or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate personal wireless service facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply with the [Federal Communications] Commission’s regulations concerning such emissions.” Courts have reversed regulatory decisions about cell tower placement simply because most of the public testimony was about health.

[115] Cellular Telephone Company v. Town of Oyster Bay, 166 F.3d 490, 495 (2nd Cir. 1999). https://openjurist.org/166/f3d/490/cellular-telephone-company-at-v-town-of-oyster-bay. Accessed June 10, 2018.; T-Mobile Northeast LLC v. Loudoun County Bd. of Sup’rs, 903 F.Supp.2d 385, 407 (E.D.Va. 2012). https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-4th-circuit/1662394.html. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[116] Vogel G. A Coming Storm For Wireless? TalkMarkets. July 2017. http://talkmarkets.com/content/stocks–equities/a-coming-storm-for-wireless?post=143501&page=2. Accessed September 13, 2018.

[117] Swiss Re: SONAR – New emerging risk insights. July 2014:22. http://media.swissre.com/documents/SONAR_2014.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2018. “[A]n increasing level of interconnectivity and the growing prevalence of digital steering and feedback systems also give rise to new vulnerabilities. These could involve cascading effects with multiple damages as well as long-lasting interruptions if the problems turned out to be complex and/or difficult to repair. Interconnectivity and permanent data generation give rise to concerns about data privacy, and exposure to electromagnetic fields may also increase.”

[118] Albert Einstein, letter to Max Born, Dec. 4, 1926.

[119] Active Denial Technology. Non-Lethal Weapons Program. https://jnlwp.defense.gov/Press-Room/Fact-Sheets/Article-View-Fact-sheets/Article/577989/active-denial-technology/. Published May 11, 2016. Accessed June 10, 2018.

[120] Conflicts of interest have frequently arisen in the past. For example, the EU Commission (2008/721/EC) appointed industry-supportive members for SCENIHR who submitted to the EU a misleading SCENIHRreport on health risks, which gave the telecommunications industry carte blanche to irradiate EU citizens. The report is now quoted by radiation safety agencies in the EU. Another example is the US National Toxicology Program contracting with the IT’IS Foundation, which is funded by the entire telecommunications industry, to design, build and monitor the exposure facility for a two-year, 25-million-US-dollar study of cell phones. It subsequently produced a misleading report that is now quoted by industry officials in the US.

[121] Ross M, Mills M, Toohey D. Potential climate impact of black carbon emitted by rockets. Geophys Res Lett. 2010;37:L24810. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010GL044548. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[122] Ross MN, Schaeffer PM. Radiative forcing caused by rocket engine emissions. Earth’s Future. 2014;2:177-196.  https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2013EF000160. Accessed June 17, 2018.

[123] Callicott JB, Mumford K. Ecological sustainability as a conservation concept. Conservation Biology. 1997;11(1):32-40. https://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/Resources/Community/Sustainability/
SY_CallicottMumford1997.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2018.

The original source of this article is The Appeal

Space Startup Apollo Fusion Wants To Use Mercury as a Fuel—Report